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Untangling Heroism: Classical Philosophy and the Concept of the Hero (Routledge Innovations in Political Theory), by Ari Kohen
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The idea of heroism has become thoroughly muddled today. In contemporary society, any behavior that seems distinctly difficult or unusually impressive is classified as heroic: everyone from firefighters to foster fathers to freedom fighters are our heroes. But what motivates these people to act heroically and what prevents other people from being heroes? In our culture today, what makes one sort of hero appear more heroic than another sort?
In order to answer these questions, Ari Kohen turns to classical conceptions of the hero to explain the confusion and to highlight the ways in which distinct heroic categories can be useful at different times. Untangling Heroism argues for the existence of three categories of heroism that can be traced back to the earliest Western literature – the epic poetry of Homer and the dialogues of Plato – and that are complex enough to resonate with us and assist us in thinking about heroism today. Kohen carefully examines the Homeric heroes Achilles and Odysseus and Plato’s Socrates, and then compares the three to each other. He makes clear how and why it is that the other-regarding hero, Socrates, supplanted the battlefield hero, Achilles, and the suffering hero, Odysseus. Finally, he explores in detail four cases of contemporary heroism that highlight Plato’s success.
Kohen states that in a post-Socratic world, we have chosen to place a premium on heroes who make other-regarding choices over self-interested ones. He argues that when humans face the fact of their mortality, they are able to think most clearly about the sort of life they want to have lived, and only in doing that does heroic action become a possibility. Kohen’s careful analysis and rethinking of the heroism concept will be relevant to scholars across the disciplines of political science, philosophy, literature, and classics.
- Sales Rank: #1948286 in Books
- Published on: 2015-08-21
- Released on: 2015-08-21
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.00" h x .47" w x 6.00" l, .66 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 192 pages
Review
"Ari Kohen's book is a beautiful example of cutting-edge contemporary political theory. Kohen explores heroism as a procedurally determined category of concepts for personal identification that emerges as a timeless and universal social fact. He persuasively argues for a richer understanding of Socrates as the common man's hero par excellence and for Plato as the principle educator of the Greeks. Untangling Heroism links contemporary examples (Kerry, McCain, Korczak, and Munyeshyaka) to classical heroic archetypes in a way that celebrates both their heroic acts and their humanity. This book succeeds superbly as a work in cross-temporal political philosophy by illuminating not what heroism is and has been, but what a hero does and why."
―Robert L. Oprisko, Butler University
"Professor Kohen’s exploration of heroism, its meaning and purpose, effectively reconsiders those virtues requisite to the heroic life. By looking at heroism first within the conceptual framework of the ancient Greeks and then moving the discussion forward into more recent cases and situations, the author has successfully provided a relevant, working framework for further explorations of the enduring qualities of heroism. This book will help to reinvigorate our discussion of heroism and what heroic acts mean to us and provide for us, and what kind of commitment is still needed for our own heroes to emerge in our time."
―Scott Hammond, James Madison University
About the Author
Ari Kohen is Schlesinger Associate Professor of Political Science and Director of the Forsythe Family Program on Human Rights and Humanitarian Affairs at the University of Nebraska―Lincoln. His first book, In Defense of Human Rights, was published by Routledge in 2007.
Most helpful customer reviews
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
Why Heroism Means What It Means
By Andr� Solo
I adore this book. It's a must for anyone who wants to understand heroism and how we've come to use the word in so many different ways—and often disagree over it.
I should point out my bias. I write frequently about heroism, and I know the author. However, it's fair to say that Dr. Kohen and I disagree on some substantive points including points he makes in this book. I would say I went into the book with neutral expectations and was impressed.
Untangling Heroism outlines the two classical hero archetypes, those who take risk for what they believe in (exemplified by Achilles) and those who endure tremendous suffering (like Odysseus). Dr. Kohen then introduces a third kind of hero, the hero who takes risk for *selfless* causes. He chooses Socrates as his main example, and makes the argument that Socrates' selfless death changed the direction of Classical ethics and led directly to how we view heroes today: we want our heroes to be selfless and altruistic.
I said above that I have disagreements, and this is one of them. I don't see a major difference between Achilles and Socrates; in my opinion both acted for a mix of personal and selfless reasons. Dr. Kohen addresses this to an extent, but is convinced that Socrates' heroic death is distinctly different from Achilles', and not just because one was a warrior and the other a thinker. I think readers can make their own call on this question.
Perhaps most importantly, Dr. Kohen then discusses how each of these three types of heroes—not just the selfless type—is still recognized today in different circumstances. The selfless hero is the kind we love the most, but he suggests that all three are "distinctly impressive" and we shouldn't overlook the heroism of the other two types. He makes an excellent case for this, drawing on recent political examples as well as great heroes during the Holocaust.
This book is academic in tone, but I think suitable for a general audience. If you're interested in the history of the word hero and what it means, you'll get more out of this book than out of almost any other. It's well researched, well written, and makes thought-provoking points about who we should call a hero.
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
Fantastic Book
By Matt @ Hero Round Table
I received a pre-release edition of this book because I'm in the field. This is really a leading light in that field. Kohen does an admirable job of defining three types of heroes that he found in the Classics. The important part for the average reader (average reader with $100+ for a book) is that he illustrates those same three types in the modern world and explains how we too can be heroes.
5 of 9 people found the following review helpful.
Meh...
By David Fowler
I purchased this book with hope - hope that the author would open up new vistas for understanding heroism, both now and in the ancient world (or at least sum up the matter reasonably well). My hopes were dashed. I don't think anyone who has intelligently read the ancient sources (the Iliad, Odyssey etc.) will find much of interest here...very little new is said, and I actually think a good deal is poorly represented. In all, I thought this was a rather shallow book in terms of content, one which treats the subject rather basically and does little to break new, interesting ground.
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